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Born in Wairoa in Northern Hawkes Bay, Carroll was one of eight children born to Sydney-born Irishman Joseph Carroll and Tapuke of Ngati Kahungūnu whakapapa. Carroll's upbringing was bi-cultural for he had the benefit of Native School, European and higher learning in traditional Whare Wanangā. Regarded with respect he believed that Māori could succeed very well in European Society and committed his life to empowering Māori to achieve economical strength and equality with Pākehā. Sir James Caroll impressed all he met with his physical stature, his knowledge and wit and is remembered with affection as Timi Kara.